固定化微生物处理农药废水的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-0805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农药污染日益严重，固定化微生物比游离微生物具有更高的降解毒性物质的效率，可作为农药降解的战略手段。综述了固定化微生物技术在农药降解过程中载体的选择以及它们的优点和局限性、功能微生物的选择和修复效果与机理，总结了固定化微生物技术在不同种类农药废水（有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、三嗪类和新烟碱类）中的最新应用研究进展。认为在农药降解过程中应注重选择合适的载体材料和具有针对性的功能微生物制备固定化微生物材料，并需要深入探究其修复机理。探讨固定化微生物技术在处理农药污染废水问题方面的发展前景，以期为固定化微生物技术修复不同类型农药废水的实际应用提供参考。

关键词: 固定化微生物, 农药, 降解, 载体

Abstract:

Pesticide pollution is becoming more and more serious. The immobilized microorganism has higher degradation efficiency than the free microorganism, which can be used as a strategic mean of pesticide degradation. This paper reviewed the selection, the advantages and disadvantages of carriers. The selection of functional microorganism, the remediation effect and mechanism of immobilized microorganism technology in the process of pesticide degradation were elaborated. Meanwhile, the latest applications of immobilized microorganism technology used in different kinds of pesticide wastewater(organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid, triazine and neonicotinoid) were discussed. It is suggested that selecting suitable carrier materials is the key of pesticide degradation. And it is also important to select targeted functional microorganism to prepare immobilized microbial materials. Deeply exploring the mechanism of degradation is necessary. In this paper, immobilized microorganism technology in the treatment of pesticide contaminated wastewater was prospected, so as to provide references for the practical application of immobilized microbial technology in the treatment of various pesticide wastewater.

Key words: immobilized microbial, pesticides, degradation, carriers

中图分类号:

X703

周玲,梁媛,丁丽娜,陈壮. 固定化微生物处理农药废水的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(11): 40-44, 50.

Ling ZHOU,Yuan LIANG,Lina DING,Zhuang CHEN. Research progress of immobilized microorganism technology in pesticide wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(11): 40-44, 50.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I11/40

图/表 2

参考文献 45

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方法	优点	缺点
吸附法	操作简单，成本低，可重复利用，空间位阻小	牢固性较差，细胞易从载体上脱落，微生物量及活性受载体材料影响大
包埋法	操作简单，成本低，对微生物活性影响小，可同时固定多种细胞或载体	聚合物对细胞有损伤，传质阻力较大
共价结合法	细胞与载体间结合力较强	操作复杂，对细胞活性影响较大，普遍应用性较差
交联法	细胞与载体联结牢固，稳定性好	操作复杂，抑制微生物活性，适用范围狭窄

方法	优点	缺点
吸附法	操作简单，成本低，可重复利用，空间位阻小	牢固性较差，细胞易从载体上脱落，微生物量及活性受载体材料影响大
包埋法	操作简单，成本低，对微生物活性影响小，可同时固定多种细胞或载体	聚合物对细胞有损伤，传质阻力较大
共价结合法	细胞与载体间结合力较强	操作复杂，对细胞活性影响较大，普遍应用性较差
交联法	细胞与载体联结牢固，稳定性好	操作复杂，抑制微生物活性，适用范围狭窄

固定化载体	目标污染物	微生物	生物修复效果	修复机理
甘蔗渣	硝磺草酮^〔30〕	芽孢杆菌HZ-2	未固定：52.5%固定后：75.1%	多孔结构增加酶活性
甘蔗渣	吡虫啉^〔24〕	曲霉和木霉	99%	为微生物提供碳源及良好的生存环境
海藻酸盐	毒死蜱^〔31〕	假单胞菌、沙雷氏菌、杆菌、克雷伯氏菌混合	100%	与聚砜合成微胶囊对微生物降解活性起保护作用
海藻酸盐	吡虫啉^〔24〕	曲霉和木霉	95%	提高细胞紧密性
生物炭	氯氰菊酯^〔32〕	芽孢杆菌混合菌群	82.18%	生物炭中的石墨结构为降解提供吸附和氧化还原反应场所
火山岩	阿特拉津^〔33〕	鲁氏不动杆菌DNS32	未固定：70%固定后：94%	提高细菌活性、促进功能基因的表达
	甲基对硫磷^〔17〕	黄杆菌	100%	火山岩有一定吸附作用，并可提高细胞酶活性
	甲基对硫磷^〔34〕	混合菌群	未固定：41%固定后：72%	生物催化，载体降低农药的生物有效性
	敌稗^〔23〕	假单胞菌	36.78 mg/（L·d）	微生物脱氯，火山岩的多孔性及机械阻力为微生物提供有利场所
海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇	蝇毒磷^〔35〕	大肠杆菌	未固定的2.5倍	保护细胞不受抑制物质影响
海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇	三嗪类农药^〔36〕	Leucobacter sp. JW-1	阿特拉津、莠灭净、扑灭津、西玛津、特丁津几乎完全降解	保持胞内酶活性

固定化载体	目标污染物	微生物	生物修复效果	修复机理
甘蔗渣	硝磺草酮^〔30〕	芽孢杆菌HZ-2	未固定：52.5%固定后：75.1%	多孔结构增加酶活性
甘蔗渣	吡虫啉^〔24〕	曲霉和木霉	99%	为微生物提供碳源及良好的生存环境
海藻酸盐	毒死蜱^〔31〕	假单胞菌、沙雷氏菌、杆菌、克雷伯氏菌混合	100%	与聚砜合成微胶囊对微生物降解活性起保护作用
海藻酸盐	吡虫啉^〔24〕	曲霉和木霉	95%	提高细胞紧密性
生物炭	氯氰菊酯^〔32〕	芽孢杆菌混合菌群	82.18%	生物炭中的石墨结构为降解提供吸附和氧化还原反应场所
火山岩	阿特拉津^〔33〕	鲁氏不动杆菌DNS32	未固定：70%固定后：94%	提高细菌活性、促进功能基因的表达
	甲基对硫磷^〔17〕	黄杆菌	100%	火山岩有一定吸附作用，并可提高细胞酶活性
	甲基对硫磷^〔34〕	混合菌群	未固定：41%固定后：72%	生物催化，载体降低农药的生物有效性
	敌稗^〔23〕	假单胞菌	36.78 mg/（L·d）	微生物脱氯，火山岩的多孔性及机械阻力为微生物提供有利场所
海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇	蝇毒磷^〔35〕	大肠杆菌	未固定的2.5倍	保护细胞不受抑制物质影响
海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇	三嗪类农药^〔36〕	Leucobacter sp. JW-1	阿特拉津、莠灭净、扑灭津、西玛津、特丁津几乎完全降解	保持胞内酶活性

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