水环境中微塑料的去除研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-0730

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微塑料是直径 < 5 mm的塑料碎片或塑料颗粒，作为一种新兴的持久性污染物，严重影响水生态健康及供水安全。而现有的处理技术尚无法完全去除水中的微塑料。随着环境污染问题的日益严重，有关微塑料的来源、特性、迁移转化规律等研究备受关注。对微塑料的来源及在水环境中分布情况进行介绍，综述了微塑料在污水和给水处理厂中的迁移规律和去除特性，分析不同工艺对微塑料去除效能的差异，探讨了常规混凝技术、溶胶-凝胶技术、电絮凝技术、膜技术和磁分离技术等去除技术的研究进展，并展望微塑料污染水体净化的研究方向。

关键词: 水环境, 微塑料, 水处理, 新兴污染物

Abstract:

Microplastics are plastic pieces or plastic particles with a diameter less than 5 mm. As a new emerging persistent contaminant, microplastics seriously affect water ecological health and water supply security. However, current treatment technologies are unable to completely remove microplastics from water. With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, researches on sources, characteristics, migration and transformation behaviors of microplastics have attracted growing concerns. The source and distribution in water environment of microplastics were introduced. The migration behaviors and removal characteristics of microplastics in wastewater and water treatment plants were reviewed. The removal efficiency by different water treatment processes was discussed. The methods for removing microplastics including coagulation, sol-gel method, electrocoagulation, membrane technology, magnetic extraction were concluded. And the intends to provide frontier reference to further investigation were provided.

Key words: water environment, microplastics, water treatment, removal, emerging contaminants

中图分类号:

X703

薛婷婷,刘海成,JosephAcquah,陈国栋. 水环境中微塑料的去除研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(8): 1-6.

Tingting Xue,Haicheng Liu,Acquah Joseph,Guodong Chen. Research status on the removal of microplastics in water environment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(8): 1-6.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I8/1

图/表 2

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地区	微塑料主要类型	样本丰度	检测方法	文献
意大利，伊索湖	PE、PP、PS、PL、EPS、PVC	4x10³~9.3x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
意大利，马焦雷湖	PE、PP、PS、PU、EPS、PVC、ABS	9x10³~7.3x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
意大利，加尔达湖	PE、PP、PS、PU、PET、EPS、PVC、CA、PL	1.3x10³~8.4x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
南极洲，罗斯海	PE、PP	3.2x10^-3~1.18m^-3	FTIR	〔13〕
中国，三峡	PE、PP、PS	5.5x10⁴~3.42x10⁷km^-2	拉曼光谱	〔12〕
中国，太湖	PE、PET、PP	1x10⁴~6.8x10⁶ km^-2	滋-FTIR、SEM	〔14〕
中国，长江河口	—	4 137.3±2 461.5 m^-3	显微镜计数	〔15〕
德国，莱茵河	PS、PP、PVC、AAS	1.45x10⁵~3.07x10⁶km^-2	FTIR	〔16〕
北美，五大湖	PS、PET、AAS	0~4.66x10⁵ km^-2	SEM/EDS	〔17〕
美国，切萨皮克湾	PE、PS	5.5x10²~ 2.6x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔18〕
瑞士，瑞士湖	PE、PP、PS	1.1x10⁴~2.2x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔19〕

地区	微塑料主要类型	样本丰度	检测方法	文献
意大利，伊索湖	PE、PP、PS、PL、EPS、PVC	4x10³~9.3x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
意大利，马焦雷湖	PE、PP、PS、PU、EPS、PVC、ABS	9x10³~7.3x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
意大利，加尔达湖	PE、PP、PS、PU、PET、EPS、PVC、CA、PL	1.3x10³~8.4x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔4〕
南极洲，罗斯海	PE、PP	3.2x10^-3~1.18m^-3	FTIR	〔13〕
中国，三峡	PE、PP、PS	5.5x10⁴~3.42x10⁷km^-2	拉曼光谱	〔12〕
中国，太湖	PE、PET、PP	1x10⁴~6.8x10⁶ km^-2	滋-FTIR、SEM	〔14〕
中国，长江河口	—	4 137.3±2 461.5 m^-3	显微镜计数	〔15〕
德国，莱茵河	PS、PP、PVC、AAS	1.45x10⁵~3.07x10⁶km^-2	FTIR	〔16〕
北美，五大湖	PS、PET、AAS	0~4.66x10⁵ km^-2	SEM/EDS	〔17〕
美国，切萨皮克湾	PE、PS	5.5x10²~ 2.6x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔18〕
瑞士，瑞士湖	PE、PP、PS	1.1x10⁴~2.2x10⁵ km^-2	FTIR	〔19〕

污水厂	进水/L^-1	出水/L^-1	去除率/%	每日排放量	文献
中国，上海	117	52	55.6	—	〔20〕
中国，厦门7个污水处理厂	1.57~13.69	0.20~1.73	79.3~97.8	6.5x10⁸	〔21〕
芬兰，赫尔辛基	38.0~686.7	0.7~3.5	90~98	2.0x10⁸~7.9x10⁸	〔22〕
中国，上海污水厂1	226.27±83	83.16±17.22	63.25	3.06x10¹¹	〔23〕
中国，上海污水厂2	171.89±62.98	69.03±12.21	58.84	3.06x10¹¹	〔23〕
苏格兰，格拉斯哥	15.7±5.23	0.25±0.04	98.41	6.5x10⁷	〔24〕

污水厂	进水/L^-1	出水/L^-1	去除率/%	每日排放量	文献
中国，上海	117	52	55.6	—	〔20〕
中国，厦门7个污水处理厂	1.57~13.69	0.20~1.73	79.3~97.8	6.5x10⁸	〔21〕
芬兰，赫尔辛基	38.0~686.7	0.7~3.5	90~98	2.0x10⁸~7.9x10⁸	〔22〕
中国，上海污水厂1	226.27±83	83.16±17.22	63.25	3.06x10¹¹	〔23〕
中国，上海污水厂2	171.89±62.98	69.03±12.21	58.84	3.06x10¹¹	〔23〕
苏格兰，格拉斯哥	15.7±5.23	0.25±0.04	98.41	6.5x10⁷	〔24〕

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