低温下半地埋式气提循环AO反应器对生活污水的处理效果

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物工艺已被广泛应用在生活污水处理领域，但是低温环境会严重降低其对污染物的去除效果。使用半地埋式深水气提循环结构强化厌氧-好氧（AO）反应器好氧阶段的硝化能力，于冬季低温条件下在北京某办公楼进行中试研究。试验运行分结冰前和结冰期两个阶段，测试不同环境条件下COD和NH₄ ⁺-N的去除效果并分析运行条件对污水处理效果的影响。结果显示，在最低温度为-4~-12 ℃的环境中，好氧池水温可以稳定在12 ℃左右；在1.2 m³/h内管曝气和0.6 m³/h外管曝气条件下，好氧池溶解氧可提升至11.2 mg/L。结冰前系统稳定后对COD的去除率达到89.7%，对NH₄ ⁺-N的去除率达到99.1%。结冰期系统对COD的去除率达到90.7%，对NH₄ ⁺-N的去除率达到98.8%。两个阶段出水NH₄ ⁺-N和COD都远低于城市再生水利用和北京市地方标准《水污染综合排放标准》（DB 11/307—2013）中A级标准。半地埋气提循环方式对AO反应器的低温环境运行效果和稳定性有明显提升作用。

关键词: 气提反应器, 生活污水, 低温, 半地埋式

Abstract:

Biological wastewater treatment processes have been widely used in domestic wastewater treatment, but the removal efficiency of pollutants is significantly reduced in low-temperature environments. A pilot study was conducted in winter at an office building in Beijing using a semi-buried deep-water airlift circulation structure to enhance nitrification capacity in the aerobic stage of anaerobic-aerobic (AO) reactors under low-temperature conditions. The operation was divided into two stages:pre-freezing and freezing periods. Different environmental conditions were tested for the removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen, and the influence of operational conditions on wastewater treatment was analyzed. The results showed that the water temperature could be remained stable at about 12 ℃ under the lowest ambient temperature of -4 ℃ to -12 ℃. The dissolved oxygen could be enhanced to 11.2 mg/L under 1.2 m³/h inner pipe aeration and 0.6 m³/h outer pipe aeration. The system reached 89.7% of COD removal rate and 99.1% of NH₄⁺-N removal rate during stable pre-freezing operation, and 90.7% of COD removal rate and 98.8% of NH₄ ⁺-N removal rate during the freezing period. Effluent concentrations of both NH₄ ⁺-N and COD substantially outperformed Class A standards in Beijing’s local regulation Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants(DB 11/307-2013) and urban reclaimed water reuse requirements. This semi-buried airlift circulation method significantly improved the treatment effect and stability of the AO reactor in a low-temperature environment.

Key words: airlift bioreactor, domestic wastewater, low temperature, semi-buried

中图分类号:

X52
X799.3

谢威, 刘光焰, 张韬, 胡聪安, 巩新枝. 低温下半地埋式气提循环AO反应器对生活污水的处理效果[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(5): 95-101.

Wei XIE, Guangyan LIU, Tao ZHANG, Congan HU, Xinzhi GONG. The treatment effect of semi-buried airlift circullation anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor for domestic wastewater at low temperature[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(5): 95-101.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/95

图/表 10

表1 原水参数

Table 1 Parameters of raw water

项目	COD/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）	TN/（mg·L^-1）	TP/（mg·L^-1）
数值	35.92~139.90	13.08~44.22	21.45~46.43	1.08~3.49
均值	101.21	36.05	39.26	2.83

图1 地上主体结构

Fig.1 Main structure above ground

图2 地下主体结构

Fig.2 Underground main structure

图3 第二阶段地埋好氧池温度

Fig.3 Temperature of semi-buried aerobic tank in the second stage

图4 第二阶段各池体内水体温度变化

Fig.4 Temperature changes in the water bodies of each pool in the second stage

图5 DO和曝气方式关系

Fig.5 Relationship between DO and aeration method

图6 不同曝气条件下的COD去除率

Fig.6 COD removal under different aeration conditions

图7 不同曝气条件下的氨氮去除率

Fig.7 Ammonia nitrogen removal under different aeration conditions

图8 两阶段的COD去除效果

Fig.8 COD removal effect in two stages

图9 两阶段氨氮去除效果

Fig.9 Ammonia nitrogen removal effect in two stages

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