工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 88-97. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0624

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

氨氧化微生物的生理代谢机制及在水处理系统中的分布研究进展

耿宏1(), 任峻明2, 周文明1, 孟晗2()   

  1. 1. 中机国际工程设计研究院有限责任公司华东分院,江苏 南京 210023
    2. 南京师范大学环境学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 孟晗
  • 作者简介:

    耿宏(1984— ),硕士,高级工程师,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41907202); 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2019043965)

Research progress on the physiological metabolic mechanisms and distribution in water treatment systems of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms

Hong GENG1(), Junming REN2, Wenming ZHOU1, Han MENG2()   

  1. 1. Easter China Branch, China Machinery International Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing 210023, China
    2. School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-19
  • Contact: Han MENG

摘要:

硝化过程和反硝化过程在水处理系统的生物脱氮中发挥着重要作用,其中硝化过程中的氨氧化是脱氮的限速步骤,其能够将低价态的氨氮转化为高价态的亚硝酸盐氮或硝酸盐氮,对氮的去除起着关键作用。综述了氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)以及近年来新发现的完全氨氧化菌(Comammox)这3类氨氧化微生物的研究进展,包括其系统发育、反应动力学、代谢路径、产N2O机理和来源识别及其在水处理生物脱氮系统中的分布,并对其在生物脱氮工艺中的应用及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望,提出未来应针对AOA、AOB、Comammox富集培养的影响因素和条件优化、三者之间的竞争和结合及其在水处理系统中的生态位分布进行重点研究。

关键词: 氨氧化古菌, 氨氧化细菌, 完全氨氧化菌, 生物脱氮, 生态位分布

Abstract:

Nitrification and denitrification processes play crucial roles in biological nitrogen removal in water treatment systems. The ammonia oxidation in nitrification is the rate-limiting process, which converts low-valent ammonia-nitrogen into high-valent nitrite-nitrogen or nitrate-nitrogen, and plays a key role in nitrogen removal. In this paper, recent research progress on three types of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB), and the recently discovered complete ammonia oxidizer(Comammox), were summarized. Those specifically related to their systematic development, reaction kinetics, metabolic pathways, N2O production mechanisms and source identification, as well as their distribution in water treatment biological denitrification systems, were analyzed. Additionally, the application of these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in biological nitrogen removal processes and future research directions were discussed and prospected. It was proposed that future research should focus on the influencing factors and optimization of enrichment culture conditions for AOA, AOB, and Comammox, the competition and interactions among them, and their niche distribution in water treatment systems.

Key words: ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, complete ammonia oxidizer, biological nitrogen removal, niche distribution

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