摘要：

疏浚淤泥的处理处置与资源化利用是当前清淤疏浚工程亟需解决的重要问题，而实现淤泥的有效脱水固结则是解决该问题的必要前提。基于絮凝调理强化疏浚淤泥脱水固结效果的技术路线，已经走在了疏浚工程应用的前沿。针对疏浚淤泥脱水减量这一关键技术，首先梳理并辨析了底泥、疏浚淤泥、污泥等在疏浚领域易混淆的概念以及含水率、含水量等关键参数的本质差异。其次，结合真空预压、土工管袋和机械压滤3种典型脱水工法，系统分析了其在工程应用层面的技术现状及主要瓶颈，并就如何利用絮凝调理技术提升不同工法的脱水效率进行了归纳总结。最后，对絮凝调理强化淤泥脱水技术的发展方向进行了展望，提出加强研发专用絮凝剂、重视减污降碳协同增效、优化资源化路径等研究目标。

关键词: 疏浚淤泥, 脱水, 絮凝, 工程应用

Abstract:

The treatment, disposal, and resource utilization of dredged sediments are facing challenges in current dredging projects, while achieving effective dewatering and consolidation of sediments is a necessary prerequisite for solving this problem. The technology routes based on flocculation conditioning to enhance the dewatering and consolidation effect of dredged sediments have been at the forefront of dredging engineering applications. Regarding the dewatering and volume reduction of dredged sediments, several easily-confused concepts (such as sediment, dredged sediment, sludge) and parameters (such as moisture ratio, water content) were firstly analyzed. Secondly, by combining three common dewatering methods, namely vacuum preloading, geotextile tubes, and mechanical pressure filtration, the technical status and main bottlenecks of these methods in engineering applications were systematically analyzed. Approaches to improve the dewatering efficiency of different methods by flocculation conditioning technology were summarized. Finally, the development directions of flocculation conditioning enhanced sediment dewatering technology were discussed, highlighting the necessity of designing dedicated flocculants, achieving synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, and optimizing pathways for sediment resource utilization.

Key words: dredged sediment, dewatering, flocculation, engineering application

中图分类号: 

• X52

• TV851