工业水处理 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 47-56. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0294

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

石油工业中乳液分离技术研究进展

周泾泾1,2,3(), 徐国瑞1,2,3, 于萌1,2,3(), 郭永华1,2,3, 李晓骁1,2,3, 高亚慧1,2,3, 李玲玉1,2,3   

  1. 1. 中海油田服务股份有限公司油田生产研究院,天津 300459
    2. 海洋油气高效开发全国重点 实验室,北京 102209
    3. 天津市海洋石油难动用储量开采重点实验室,天津 300459
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 于萌
  • 作者简介:

    周泾泾(1994— ),博士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    海洋油气高效开发全国重点实验室开放基金项目(KJQZ-2025-2005); 中海油服科研项目(E-23257008)

Research progress of emulsion separation technology in petroleum industry

Jingjing ZHOU1,2,3(), Guorui XU1,2,3, Meng YU1,2,3(), Yonghua GUO1,2,3, Xiaoxiao LI1,2,3, Yahui GAO1,2,3, Lingyu LI1,2,3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Production Optimization, China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300459, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation, Beijing 102209, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation Enterprise of Difficult-to-Reach Reserves, Tianjin 300459, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Meng YU

摘要:

原油开采、集输与加工过程中的乳液分离在石油工业发展中至关重要。系统梳理了破乳技术的发展进程,着重介绍了工业实践中应用最广泛的化学添加剂破乳技术,综述了传统聚醚破乳剂、树状聚合物、可生物降解破乳剂、离子液体、纳米破乳剂和氧化破乳材料的研究进展,并对重力沉降、离心分离、聚结分离、加热破乳、电场破乳、超声破乳和膜分离等物理/机械破乳方法进行了概述和对比分析,介绍了工业上联合破乳技术的应用案例。最后,从乳液黏度与破乳效率定量关系、破乳剂传递过程及破乳材料和设备开发等方面,对未来石油工业乳液分离技术发展进行了展望。

关键词: 原油乳液, 化学破乳剂, 破乳技术, 油水分离, 工业应用

Abstract:

Emulsion separation during crude oil exploitation, transportation and processing is significant for the development of petroleum industry. This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of demulsification technologies, focusing on chemical additive demulsification—the most widely applied process in industrial practice. Research advances in traditional polyether demulsifiers, dendritic polymers, biodegradable demulsifiers, ionic liquids, nanodemulsifiers, and oxidative demulsification materials were summarized. An overview and comparative analysis of physical/mechanical demulsification methods such as gravity settling, centrifugal separation, coalescence separation, heating demulsification, electric field demulsification, ultrasonic demulsification, and membrane separation were presented. Application cases of combined demulsification technologies in industry were introduced. Finally, the future development of emulsion separation technology in petroleum industry was prospected from the quantitative relationship between emulsion viscosity and demulsification efficiency, demulsifier transfer process, demulsification materials and equipment development.

Key words: crude oil emulsion, chemical demulsifier, demulsification technology, oil water separation, industrial application

中图分类号: