耐酸微藻贴附培养处理稀土矿高氨氮尾水的性能

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0617

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对赣南离子型稀土矿区尾水氨氮高（100~150 mg/L）、pH低（3.5~5.0）且碳磷匮乏的特点，构建了以回收瓦楞纸为载体的耐酸微藻贴附培养系统，通过调控碳源（NaHCO₃）与磷源（KH₂PO₄）投加，揭示了营养元素对微藻生物膜形成及污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明，当NaHCO₃投加量为400 mg/L时，总生物量较悬浮体系提高40%，微藻贴附率提升至58%，6 d内NH₄ ⁺-N和TN去除率分别达98%和90%；投加30 mg/L KH₂PO₄微藻系统可在48 h将NH₄ ⁺-N去除率提升至94%。微生物群落分析显示，体系中假单胞菌门和蓝细菌门为优势菌群，通过分泌胞外聚合物促进生物膜稳定生长。该研究为稀土矿区酸性尾水的低成本生物治理提供了创新性解决方案。

关键词: 稀土废水, 微藻, 贴附培养, 瓦楞纸, 废水处理

Abstract:

To solve the problem of high ammonia nitrogen concentration (100-150 mg/L), low pH (3.5-5.0) and lack of carbon and phosphorus in tailwater in the ionic rare earth mining area of southern Gannan, an acid-tolerant microalgae attachmented culture system based on recycled corrugated paper was constructed in this study. By regulating the dosing strategy of carbon source (NaHCO₃) and phosphorus source (KH₂PO₄), the effects of nutrients on microalgae biofilm formation and pollutant removal was revealed. The results showed that when the dosage of NaHCO₃ was 400 mg/L, the total biomass increased by 40% compared to the suspension system, the microalgae attachment rate increased to 58%, and the NH₄ ⁺-N and TN removal rates reached 98% and 90%, respectively, within 6 days. The addition of 30 mg/L KH₂PO₄ microalgae system could increase the NH₄ ⁺-N removal rate to 94% within 48 hours. Microbial community analysis showed that Pseudomonas and Cyanobera were the dominant species, which synergistically promoted biofilm stability through the secretion of extracellular polymers. This study provided an innovative solution for low-cost biological treatment of acidic tailwater in rare earth mining areas.

Key words: rare earth wastewater, microalgae, adherent culture, corrugated paper, wastewater treatment

中图分类号:

X703

王华生, 周丰秋, 周振宁, 陈丹, 李佳棋. 耐酸微藻贴附培养处理稀土矿高氨氮尾水的性能[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(3): 65-73.

Huasheng WANG, Fengqiu ZHOU, Zhenning ZHOU, Dan CHEN, Jiaqi LI. Study on the treatment performance of high ammonia nitrogen tail water from rare earth mines by acid-tolerant microalgae with adherent culture[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(3): 65-73.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I3/65

图/表 11

表1 稀土尾水水质

Table 1 Water quality of rare earth tailwater

指标	数值
pH	3.76
氨氮	110
总氮	195
总磷	0.03
COD	—
SO₄ ^2-	761

表2 水质测定方法

Table 2 Water quality determination methods

水质指标	检测方法
TN	碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法
NH₄ ⁺-N	纳氏试剂分光光度法
TP	钼酸铵分光光度法
pH	pH计

图1 碳源投加量对微藻生物量和贴附率的影响

Fig.1 Effect of carbon source dosage on microalgae biomass and attachment rate

图2 不同pH下微藻生长和固定化情况

Fig.2 Microalgae growth and immobilization under different pH conditions

图3 碳源投加量对体系脱氮性能的影响

Fig.3 Effect of carbon source dosage on the nitrogen removal performance of the system

图4 磷源投加量对微藻生物量和贴附率的影响

Fig.4 Effect of phosphorus source dosage on microalgae growth and attachment rate

图5 磷源投加量对体系脱氮性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of phosphorus source dosage on the nitrogen removal performance of the system

图6 不同磷源投加量时水中总磷的变化

Fig.6 Variation of total phosphorus in water with different phosphorus source dosages

图7 微藻生物膜细菌OTU分布

Fig.7 Distribution map of bacterial OTUs in microalgal biofilms

图8 门水平细菌相对丰度

Fig.8 Bacterial relative abundance at phylum level

图9 属水平细菌相对丰度

Fig.9 Bacterial relative abundance at genus level

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