摘要：

在污水处理工艺中，污水与污泥的提升、生物处理的曝气与混合、污泥的稳定与处理、辅助机械设备运转等环节均会消耗大量能源。城镇污水厂的节能降耗与资源化利用成为重要发展方向。厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术可节省有机碳源，无需曝气，污泥产率低，工艺运行费用少，其在城镇污水主流工艺中的应用可为城镇污水处理厂的资源化利用和节能降耗提供新思路。介绍了Anammox反应的代谢机理，指出主流Anammox工艺在城镇污水处理中存在的问题，提出改造工艺结构、调整工艺运行条件和人工强化调控等措施。未来研究的重点在于低温条件下Anammox反应器的快速启动和稳定运行，低基质条件下NO₂^--N的稳定积累，以及低温、低基质条件下NOB抑制的多手段协同调控。

关键词: 城镇污水, Anammox, 生物脱氮, 调控

Abstract:

In the wastewater treatment, the upgrading of wastewater and sludge, the aeration and mixing of biological treatment, the sludge stabilization and treatment, and the operation of auxiliary machinery and equipment consume a lot of energy. The energy and resource utilization of municipal wastewater treatment plants has become an important development direction. Anammox technology can reduce organic carbon sources, without aeration, low sludge yield, and low process operating costs. The application of Anammox in the mainstream process of municipal wastewater treatment can provide new ideas for resource utilization, energy saving and consumption reduction. The metabolic mechanism of Anammox reaction was introduced, and the main problems in mainstream Anammox process for municipal wastewater treatment were pointed out. The regulation measures, including the reformation of process, the adjustment of process operating conditions and artificial reinforcement, were proposed. Future research should focus on the rapid start-up and stable operation of the Anammox reactor under low temperature conditions, the stable accumulation of NO₂^--N under low matrix conditions, and multi-means coordinated regulation of NOB inhibition under low temperature and low matrix conditions.

Key words: municipal wastewater, Anammox, biological nitrogen removal, regulation

中图分类号: 

• TU992.3