磁化改性吸附剂去除废水中污染物的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1137

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来随着农业和工业领域的高速发展，纺织、化学制造、农副产品加工、医疗等行业产生大量废水。这些废水中含有染料、重金属、持久性有机污染物、药物及个人护理品等多种污染物，排入水环境后造成自然水体的严重污染。生物吸附法具有高吸附量、低成本、环境友好等特点，常用于废水中各类污染物的吸附去除。然而，生物吸附法在净化废水过程中普遍存在吸附剂回收难、回收不彻底的难题，导致水环境发生再次污染。磁化改性技术可使磁性吸附剂与水溶液实现快速分离，解决生物吸附剂吸附后回收困难的问题。综述了磁性天然生物材料、磁性生物炭和磁性复合材料吸附剂的制备，以及该类吸附剂在废水处理中的应用现状和局限性。同时，对磁化改性技术在生物吸附研究领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。未来的废水治理研究中，可围绕磁性吸附剂制备工艺优化、磁性吸附材料改性、吸附机制探究、中小试实验、生命周期分析等方面开展，以实现废水中各种有害污染物的无公害处理。

关键词: 吸附, 磁化, 改性, 生物吸附

Abstract:

With the rapid development of agricultural and industry in recent years， a large amount of wastewater has been generated from textile， chemical manufacturing， agricultural by-product processing， medical and other industries. These wastewaters contain various pollutants such as dyes， heavy metals， persistent organic pollutants， pharmaceutical and personal care products， which cause serious pollution of natural water bodies. Biological adsorption has the characteristics of high adsorption capacity， low cost and environmental friendly， and is commonly used for the adsorption and removal of various pollutants from wastewater. However， biological adsorption generally has the problem of difficult and incomplete recovery of adsorbent in the process of purifying wastewater， which leads to re-contamination of water environment. Magnetization modification technology can achieve rapid separation of magnetic adsorbent from aqueous solution and solve the problem of difficult recovery of biosorbent after adsorption. The preparation of magnetic natural biomaterials， magnetic biochar and magnetic composite adsorbents， as well as the current status and limitations of these adsorbents in wastewater treatment were reviewed. Meanwhile， the future development trend of magnetization modification technology in the field of biological adsorption research was foreseen. The future research on wastewater treatment can be focused on optimization of magnetic adsorbent preparation， modification of magnetic adsorbent materials， exploration of adsorption mechanism， small-scale and pilot scale test， and life cycle assessment to achieve the pollution-free treatment of harmful pollutants in wastewater.

Key words: adsorption, magnetization, modification, biological adsorption

中图分类号:

X592

何佩霖, 高雅, 刘新. 磁化改性吸附剂去除废水中污染物的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(12): 47-54.

Peilin HE, Ya GAO, Xin LIU. Research progress on the removal of pollutants in wastewater by magnetized modified adsorbents[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(12): 47-54.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I12/47

图/表 6

参考文献 52

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污染物		吸附材料	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	文献
重金属	铅	磁性壳聚糖	83.33	〔21〕
	六价铬	磁性壳聚糖	153.85	〔13〕
	镍	磁性壳聚糖	66.23	〔22〕
	铜	磁性壳聚糖	126.58	〔22〕
	锌	磁性壳聚糖	136	〔23〕
	镉	磁性石墨烯	13.169	〔24〕
染料	亚甲基蓝	磁性花生壳	43.5	〔25〕
染料	孔雀石绿	磁性花穗	56.50	〔26〕
抗生素	四环素	磁性壳聚糖	806.60	〔27〕
抗生素	金霉素	磁性壳聚糖	876.60	〔27〕
全氟化合物	全氟辛烷磺酸盐	磁性壳聚糖	43.50	〔28〕
	全氟辛烷羧酸盐	磁性壳聚糖	35.70
	全氟辛烷磺酸盐	磁性树脂	65.00
	全氟辛烷羧酸盐	磁性树脂	82.00
阻燃剂	四溴双酚A	磁性树脂	59.44	〔29〕
阻燃剂	2，4，6-三溴苯酚	磁性树脂	74.64	〔29〕

污染物		吸附材料	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	文献
重金属	铅	磁性壳聚糖	83.33	〔21〕
	六价铬	磁性壳聚糖	153.85	〔13〕
	镍	磁性壳聚糖	66.23	〔22〕
	铜	磁性壳聚糖	126.58	〔22〕
	锌	磁性壳聚糖	136	〔23〕
	镉	磁性石墨烯	13.169	〔24〕
染料	亚甲基蓝	磁性花生壳	43.5	〔25〕
染料	孔雀石绿	磁性花穗	56.50	〔26〕
抗生素	四环素	磁性壳聚糖	806.60	〔27〕
抗生素	金霉素	磁性壳聚糖	876.60	〔27〕
全氟化合物	全氟辛烷磺酸盐	磁性壳聚糖	43.50	〔28〕
	全氟辛烷羧酸盐	磁性壳聚糖	35.70
	全氟辛烷磺酸盐	磁性树脂	65.00
	全氟辛烷羧酸盐	磁性树脂	82.00
阻燃剂	四溴双酚A	磁性树脂	59.44	〔29〕
阻燃剂	2，4，6-三溴苯酚	磁性树脂	74.64	〔29〕

污染物		吸附剂来源	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	文献
重金属	铅	羽毛/蛋壳	113.3	〔33〕
	镉		76.3
	铜		56.5
	锌		45.5
	镍		32.6
	六价铬	树叶	55.00	〔14〕
染料	酸性橙	污泥和木屑	110.27	〔34〕
	吖啶橙	玉米穗	116.3	〔35〕
	亚甲基蓝	甘蔗渣	36.14	〔32〕
抗生素	四环素	稻秆	98.33	〔36〕
抗生素	诺氟沙星	含铁的糠醛类残留物	300	〔37〕
微塑料	聚苯乙烯微球	木屑	23.702	〔38〕
其他有机污染物	2，4-二氯苯酚	木材	298.12	〔39〕
其他有机污染物	阿特拉津	木材	102.17	〔39〕

污染物		吸附剂来源	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	文献
重金属	铅	羽毛/蛋壳	113.3	〔33〕
	镉		76.3
	铜		56.5
	锌		45.5
	镍		32.6
	六价铬	树叶	55.00	〔14〕
染料	酸性橙	污泥和木屑	110.27	〔34〕
	吖啶橙	玉米穗	116.3	〔35〕
	亚甲基蓝	甘蔗渣	36.14	〔32〕
抗生素	四环素	稻秆	98.33	〔36〕
抗生素	诺氟沙星	含铁的糠醛类残留物	300	〔37〕
微塑料	聚苯乙烯微球	木屑	23.702	〔38〕
其他有机污染物	2，4-二氯苯酚	木材	298.12	〔39〕
其他有机污染物	阿特拉津	木材	102.17	〔39〕

污染物		吸附剂	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	文献
重金属	铜	壳（CaSiO₃）-心（Fe₃O₄）复合材料	427.10	〔43〕
	镍		391.59
	三价铬		371.39
	六价铬	磁性山软木/纳米纤维蛋白/壳聚糖复合材料	91.00	〔44〕
	铅	磁性山软木/纳米纤维蛋白/壳聚糖复合材料	67.80	〔44〕
染料	亚甲基蓝	磁性海藻酸盐/稻壳生物复合材料吸附剂	274.9	〔15〕
	刚果红	磁性山软木/纳米纤维蛋白/壳聚糖复合材料	230.00	〔44〕
	活性橙16	磁性壳聚糖/乙醛/粉煤灰/Fe₃O₄生物复合材料	112.50	〔45〕
内分泌干扰素	双酚A	微孔有机网络复合材料	124.1	〔46〕
	4-α-烯丙基酚		105.6
	4-叔辛基酚		116.6
	4-壬基酚		117.9
阻燃剂	四溴双酚A	新型碳纳米管@金属有机骨架复合材料	92.12	〔47〕
抗生素	四环素	新型磁性纳米复合材料	215.31	〔48〕
其他有机污染物	2-萘酚	磁性/石墨烯/壳聚糖纳米复合材料	169.49	〔49〕

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