工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 10-17. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0909

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    

纳滤技术处理放射性废水的研究进展

程荣1,2(), 邓佳幸1, 陈海鹰3, 谢星炜1, 郑祥1,2(), 俞开昌2()   

  1. 1. 中国人民大学化学与生命资源学院,北京 100872
    2. 北京碧水源科技股份有限公司国家企业技术中心,北京 102206
    3. 福州市福清生态环境局,福建 福州 350300
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 郑祥, 俞开昌
  • 作者简介:

    程荣(1981— ),教授,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52470224); 北京市自然科学基金项目(8232036)

Research advances on the treatment of radioactive wastewater by nanofiltration technology

Rong CHENG1,2(), Jiaxing DENG1, Haiying CHEN3, Xingwei XIE1, Xiang ZHENG1,2(), Kaichang YU2()   

  1. 1. School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
    2. National Enterprise Technology Center, Beijing Originwater Technology Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 102206, China
    3. Fuzhou Fuqing Ecological and Environment Bureau, Fuzhou 350300, China
  • Received:2025-02-28 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Xiang ZHENG, Kaichang YU

摘要:

核电厂放射性废水的安全高效处理对人类健康和生态环境至关重要。纳滤因具有分离性能优异、化学污染小和能耗低等优点而被逐渐应用于对放射性核素的处理中。介绍了纳滤分离核素的原理与特点,分析了商品化纳滤膜截留核素的优缺点。针对商品化纳滤膜的不足,总结了改性纳滤膜的制备方法,指出当前用于截留核素的纳滤膜的制备研究主要集中于膜表面改性和基膜改性技术,而聚酰胺层改性与预沉积改性在该领域的应用研究仍然缺少。最后探讨了纳滤处理放射性废水的主要影响因素及其工程化应用的可能性,为在高酸且有放射性的核废水处理中推广使用纳滤技术提供发展建议。

关键词: 纳滤膜, 膜改性, 放射性废水, 组合工艺

Abstract:

The safe and efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater from nuclear power plants is crucial for human health and the ecological environment. Nanofiltration has been applied to the treatment of radionuclides due to its excellent nuclide separation performance, low chemical pollution and low energy consumption. The principles and characteristics of nuclide separation by nanofiltration were introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclide rejection by commercial nanofiltration membranes were analyzed. Afterwards, in view of the shortcomings of commercial nanofiltration membranes, the preparation methods of modified nanofiltration membranes were summarized. It was pointed out that the current research on the preparation of nanofiltration membranes for nuclear retention mainly focused on membrane surface modification and base membrane modification technology, while the application research of polyamide layer modification and pre-deposition modification in this field was still lacking. Finally, the main influencing factors of nanofiltration treatment of radioactive wastewater and the possibility of engineering application were discussed, which could provide development suggestions for the promotion and application of nanofiltration technology in high acid and radioactive nuclear wastewater treatment.

Key words: nanofiltration membrane, membrane modification, radioactive wastewater, combined process

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