摘要：

为解决农村生活污水处理设施能耗成本高的问题，拟采用太阳能作为能源。针对太阳能间歇供电的特点，开展不同间歇时长供能条件下序批式反应器（SBR）、序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）处理农村污水的效能及微生物群落变化研究。结果表明，在SBR和SBBR系统中，经过两个周期（每个周期运行时长为6 h）运行，间歇时长对SBR、SBBR系统出水影响不大，均能满足辽宁省《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》（DB 21/3176—2019）中的一级排放标准；与SBR相比，SBBR在脱氮方面效果更优，间歇时长分别为12、24、48 h时，SBBR系统在第一周期对NH₄ ⁺-N的平均去除率分别比SBR系统高出0.78%、0.92%和1.14%；对TN的平均去除率分别比SBR系统高出1.04%、0.69%和2.18%；不同间歇时长下，SBR和SBBR系统的微生物均以Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota为优势菌门，优势菌属变化规律一致，但优势菌属丰度存在明显差异；SBR和SBBR系统中与脱氮除磷相关的主要功能菌几乎均表现出随着间歇时长的延长先降低后升高的趋势，表明长时间闲置会导致两系统中部分细菌活性衰减甚至细胞死亡，但在经历长时间饥饿条件适应驯化培养后，部分细菌活性又会逐步恢复。

关键词: 序批式反应器, 序批式生物膜反应器, 农村生活污水, 光伏发电, 间歇时长

Abstract:

To address the issue of high energy consumption costs in rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, solar energy is proposed as a power source. In response to the intermittent nature of solar power supply, this study investigated the performance and microbial community changes of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) systems for treating rural sewage under different intermittent durations. The results showed that after two cycles (each cycle lasting for 6 hours) of operation in both the SBR and SBBR systems, the intermittent duration had little effect on the effluent quality of the SBR and SBBR systems, both of which met the Class I discharge standards specified in the Liaoning Province Standard for Water Pollutant Emission from Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities (DB 21/3176—2019). Compared with the SBR system, the SBBR system demonstrated superior performance in nitrogen removal. At intermittent duration of 12, 24, and 48 hours, the average removal rates of NH₄⁺-N in the SBBR system during the first cycle were 0.78%, 0.92%, and 1.14% higher than those in the SBR system, respectively. The average removal rates for TN were 1.04%, 0.69%, and 2.18% higher than those of the SBR system, respectively. In both SBR and SBBR systems, the dominant bacterial phyla during different intermittent duration were Proteobacteria and Bacteroideta, with consistent patterns of dominant bacterial genera. However, there were significant differences in dominant bacterial genera abundance under different intermittent duration. The primary functional bacteria associated with denitrification and phosphorus removal in both the SBR and SBBR systems exhibited a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with extended intermittent duration, indicating that prolonged inactivity resulted in reducing bacterial activity or even cell death in both systems. However, after undergoing prolonged starvation conditions and adaptive acclimatization, the activity of some bacteria gradually recovered.

Key words: sequencing batch reactor, sequencing biofilm batch reactor, rural domestic sewage, photovoltaic power generation, intermittent duration

中图分类号: 

• X703