金属改性生物炭及其去除水中氮、磷的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由氮和磷引起的水体富营养化问题日益加重，急需解决。生物炭是一种廉价易得的吸附材料，可用于对水中污染物的吸附去除。但原始生物炭对水中氮和磷的去除效果不尽人意，往往使用在生物炭上负载金属阳离子的改性方法以提高生物炭对氮、磷的去除效果。简述了金属改性生物炭的制备方法，包括溶液浸渍法、共沉淀法、电化学复合改性法、造粒法等。总结了金属改性生物炭对水中氮和磷的去除机理，分析了金属改性生物炭比表面积、水溶液pH、吸附剂投加量、共存离子、吸附时间等因素对氮、磷去除效果的影响，并指出了各机理和影响因素研究的不足之处。除此之外，归纳了现阶段对吸附氮、磷污染物后的金属改性生物炭的洗脱和直接利用方法等的研究成果，并在这些研究的基础上提出了该领域目前面临的问题和未来的发展方向。

关键词: 生物炭, 吸附机理, 影响因素, 洗脱

Abstract:

Water eutrophication caused by nitrogen and phosphorus is becoming more and more serious，which needs to be solved urgently. Biochar is a cheap and easily available adsorption material，which can be used for the removal of pollutants in water by adsorption. But the removal effect of raw biochar on nitrogen and phosphorus in water is not satisfactory，and the modification method of metal cation loaded on biochar is often used to improve the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this paper，the preparation method of metal-modified biochar，including solution-impregnation，co-precipitation，electrochemical composite modification and granulation，were briefly described. The removal mechanisms of metal-modified biochar on nitrogen and phosphorus were summarized. The effects of specific surface area of biochar，pH of aqueous solution，dosage of adsorbent，coexisting ions and adsorption time on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed，and the shortcomings of the researches on mechanism and influencing factors were pointed out. In addition，the research results on the elution and direct utilization of metal-modified biochar after adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants were summarized. Based on these，the present problems and future development prospects of the field were put forward.

Key words: biochar, adsorption mechanism, influence factor, elution

中图分类号:

X703
TQ424

苏浩杰, 吴俊峰, 王召东, 成先雄. 金属改性生物炭及其去除水中氮、磷的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(11): 46-55.

Haojie SU, Junfeng WU, Zhaodong WANG, Xianxiong CHENG. Research progress of metal-modified biochar and its removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in water[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(11): 46-55.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I11/46

图/表 5

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原料	改性材料	热解温度/℃	方法改性	吸附容量/（mg·g^-1）	去除机理	参考文献
甘蔗渣	Mg	550	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 22；腐殖酸盐247；PO₄ ^3- 398	鸟粪石结晶作用、静电吸引、π-π键作用力	〔21〕
柏树锯末	Mg	600	浸渍法	磷酸盐66.7	静电吸引、位点吸附	〔22〕
芦苇秸秆	Mg	600	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 30；PO₄ ^3- 100	离子交换、静电吸引	〔23〕
杨树碎木片	Al	550	浸渍法	NO₃ ^- 89.58；PO₄ ^3- 57.49	PO₄ ^3-与金属氧化物之间通过弱化学键形成配合物、沉淀反应	〔24〕
木屑	Mg	600	浸渍法	氮35.28；磷110.29	静电吸引、离子交换	〔25〕
蒲草植物	La	600	浸渍法	磷酸盐36.06	配体交换、静电吸引、络合机制	〔26〕
玉米秸秆	Fe	550	浸渍法	氮14；磷90	表面络合、共沉淀、静电吸引、离子交换	〔27〕
稻壳	La	800	共沉淀法	磷酸盐45.62	静电吸引、离子交换	〔28〕
大豆秸秆	Mg和Al	500	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 0.70；NO₃ ^- 40.63；PO₄ ^3-74.47	静电吸引、位点吸附	〔29〕
污泥	Fe	550	浸渍法	磷酸盐111.0	静电吸引、配体交换	〔30〕

原料	改性材料	热解温度/℃	方法改性	吸附容量/（mg·g^-1）	去除机理	参考文献
甘蔗渣	Mg	550	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 22；腐殖酸盐247；PO₄ ^3- 398	鸟粪石结晶作用、静电吸引、π-π键作用力	〔21〕
柏树锯末	Mg	600	浸渍法	磷酸盐66.7	静电吸引、位点吸附	〔22〕
芦苇秸秆	Mg	600	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 30；PO₄ ^3- 100	离子交换、静电吸引	〔23〕
杨树碎木片	Al	550	浸渍法	NO₃ ^- 89.58；PO₄ ^3- 57.49	PO₄ ^3-与金属氧化物之间通过弱化学键形成配合物、沉淀反应	〔24〕
木屑	Mg	600	浸渍法	氮35.28；磷110.29	静电吸引、离子交换	〔25〕
蒲草植物	La	600	浸渍法	磷酸盐36.06	配体交换、静电吸引、络合机制	〔26〕
玉米秸秆	Fe	550	浸渍法	氮14；磷90	表面络合、共沉淀、静电吸引、离子交换	〔27〕
稻壳	La	800	共沉淀法	磷酸盐45.62	静电吸引、离子交换	〔28〕
大豆秸秆	Mg和Al	500	浸渍法	NH₄ ⁺ 0.70；NO₃ ^- 40.63；PO₄ ^3-74.47	静电吸引、位点吸附	〔29〕
污泥	Fe	550	浸渍法	磷酸盐111.0	静电吸引、配体交换	〔30〕

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