电催化还原同步回收电镀废水中氮资源和重金属铜

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0742

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用铜片作为阴极，铂电极作为阳极，并以阳离子交换膜分隔反应体系，构建电催化还原体系处理模拟电镀废水中的硝酸盐，在去除硝态氮（NO₃ ^--N）的同时实现重金属（Cu）和氨（NH₃）资源的回收。通过考察电极材料、电流密度、初始pH、反应时间等因素对NO₃ ^--N还原率的影响，优化得到电催化还原体系的最佳反应条件：以铜片为阴极、电流密度40 mA/cm²、反应时间60 min和初始pH=3，此时模拟废水中NO₃ ^--N的去除率达到83.55%，法拉第效率与氨产率分别为62.21%、11.67 mmol/（h·cm²）。通过氩气吹脱（6 h）并经稀硫酸吸收回收阴极液中的氨，氨回收率约为77%，形成的硫酸铵水溶液有望作为高附加值氮产品回用。此外，电催化还原过程中阴极室中生成的铜化合物〔Cu（OH）₂和CuO〕可实现铜资源的回收。该技术兼具污染物去除与资源化回收双重优势，无需额外添加化学药剂，成本低且操作稳定，为含铜及硝酸盐电镀废水的绿色处理与资源循环利用提供了可行方案。

关键词: 电镀废水, 硝酸盐去除, 电催化还原, 铜资源回收

Abstract:

A novel electrocatalytic reduction system was constructed for treating nitrate in simulated electroplating wastewater, employing a copper sheet as the cathode, a platinum electrode as the anode, and a cation exchange membrane to separate the reaction system. This system not only removed nitrate (NO₃ ^--N), but also recovered heavy metals (Cu) and ammonia(NH₃) as resources. By investigating the effects of electrode materials, current density, initial pH, reaction time, and other factors on the reduction rate of NO₃ ^--N, the optimal reaction conditions for the electrocatalytic reduction system were optimized: copper sheet as the cathode, current density of 40 mA/cm², reaction time of 60 min, and initial pH=3. Under these conditions, the removal rate of NO₃ ^--N in simulated wastewater, Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield reached 83.55%, 62.21% and 11.67 mmol/(h·cm²), respectively. Ammonia in the cathode solution was recovered by argon stripping (6 h) and absorbed with dilute sulfuric acid, with a recovery rate of approximately 77%. The resulting ammonium sulfate solution was expected to be reused as a high-value nitrogen product. Additionally, copper compounds, such as Cu(OH)₂ and CuO, generated in the cathode chamber during the electrocatalytic reduction process could achieve the recovery of copper resources. This technology combined pollutant removal with resource recovery, requiring no additional chemical reagents while offering low cost and stable operation. It provided a feasible solution for the green treatment and resource recycle of electroplating wastewater containing copper and nitrate.

Key words: electroplating wastewater, nitrate removal, electrocatalytic reduction, copper resource recovery

中图分类号:

王鹏飞, 都世杰, 左任翔, 杜建伟, 梅光军. 电催化还原同步回收电镀废水中氮资源和重金属铜[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(9): 153-159.

Pengfei WANG, Shijie DU, Renxiang ZUO, Jianwei DU, Guangjun MEI. Electrocatalytic reduction for synergistic recovery of nitrogen resource and heavy metal copper from electroplating wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(9): 153-159.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I9/153

图/表 8

图1 电催化实验装置

Fig.1 Electrocatalytic experimental setup

图2 阴极材料对电催化还原效果的影响

Fig.2 Effect of cathode materials on electrocatalytic reduction

图3 电流密度对电催化还原效果的影响

Fig.3 Effect of current density on electrocatalytic reduction

图4 不同pH对电催化还原效果的影响

Fig.4 Effect of different pH on electrocatalytic reduction

图5 不同干扰离子对电催化还原效果的影响

Fig.5 Effect of different interfering ions on electrocatalytic reduction

图6 反应时间对电催化还原效果影响

Fig.6 Effect of reaction time on electrocatalytic reduction

图7 废水中Cu²⁺浓度变化

Fig.7 Variation of Cu²⁺ concentration in wastewater

图8 电催化还原过程中阴极室沉淀形貌（a），XRD（b）和SEM（c~d）

Fig.8 Morphology（a），XRD（b） and SEM（c-d） of cathode chamber precipitation during electrocatalytic reduction process

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