热活化再生混凝土微粉吸附废水中Pb（Ⅱ）的性能

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过热活化对再生混凝土微粉（RCP）进行改性，并将其用于处理含Pb（Ⅱ）废水。通过多种表征手段揭示了改性材料的微观结构变化，考察了热活化温度、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH、离子强度等因素对热活化RCP吸附Pb（Ⅱ）性能的影响，结合吸附动力学与等温线模型分析了吸附机制。结果表明，在850 ℃热活化条件下获得的RCP-850吸附性能最佳。在吸附温度为25 ℃，吸附时间为140 min条件下，向100 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的Pb（Ⅱ）溶液中投加50 mg RCP-850，调节pH=6.0，RCP-850对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附量和去除率分别为75.83 mg/g和97.12%。热活化显著提高了RCP中CaO等碱性组分的含量，其溶解后可中和酸性废水，促使Pb（Ⅱ）形成Pb（OH）₂沉淀。同时RCP中的Ca²⁺还可与Pb²⁺发生离子交换，形成PbSiO₃沉淀。两种机制协同作用，共同实现对Pb（Ⅱ）的去除。吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型，表明该吸附过程为化学吸附，且为放热反应。

关键词: 再生混凝土微粉, 热活化改性, 化学吸附, 离子交换, 铅离子

Abstract:

Recycled concrete powder (RCP) was modified by thermal activation and used to treat Pb(Ⅱ) containing wastewater. The microstructure changes of the modified materials were revealed by various characterization methods. The effects of thermal activation temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial pH of the solution, ionic strength and other factors on the adsorption performance of thermally activated RCP for Pb(Ⅱ) were investigated. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed by adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. The results showed that the adsorption performance of RCP-850 obtained under the condition of 850 ℃ thermal activation was the best. Under the conditions of adsorption temperature of 25 ℃ and adsorption time of 140 min, 50 mg RCP-850 was added to 100 mL Pb(Ⅱ) solution with mass concentration of 100 mg/L, and pH was adjusted to 6.0, the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Pb(Ⅱ) by RCP-850 were 75.83 mg/g and 97.12%, respectively. Thermal activation significantly increased the content of alkaline components such as CaO in RCP, which could neutralize the acidic wastewater after dissolution and promote the formation of Pb(OH)₂ precipitate from Pb(Ⅱ). Meanwhile, Ca²⁺ in RCP could also exchange with Pb²⁺ to form PbSiO₃ precipitation. The two mechanisms worked together to achieve the removal of Pb(Ⅱ). The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process was chemical adsorption and exothermic reaction.

Key words: recycled concrete powder, thermal activation modification, chemisorption, ion exchange, Pb(Ⅱ)

中图分类号:

TQ424
X703

张春娜. 热活化再生混凝土微粉吸附废水中Pb（Ⅱ）的性能[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(1): 122-130.

Chunna ZHANG. Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) in wastewater by thermal activated recycled concrete powder[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(1): 122-130.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I1/122

图/表 15

表1 硅酸盐水泥的化学组成

Table 1 Chemical compositions of portland cement

组分	质量分数/%	组分	质量分数/%
SiO₂	19.28	MgO	2.42
CaO	62.11	Na₂O	1.03
Fe₂O₃	4.31	K₂O	0.90
Al₂O₃	4.01	其他	2.09
SO₃	3.85

图1 原始RCP和不同煅烧温度活化的RCP的XRD

Fig.1 XRD patterns of raw RCP and RCP calcined at different temperatures

图2 原始RCP和不同煅烧温度RCP的FTIR

Fig.2 FTIR patterns of raw RCP and RCP calcined at different temperatures

表2 原始RCP和不同煅烧温度RCP的比表面积和孔隙数据

Table 2 Specific surface area and pore data of raw RCP and RCP calcined at different temperatures

样品	比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	孔容/（cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径/nm	微孔比例/%	介孔比例/%	大孔比例/%
原始RCP	3.131	0.022	12.421	0.271	46.315	53.414
RCP-250	3.182	0.025	15.028	0.316	36.789	62.895
RCP-450	3.387	0.026	16.753	0.121	35.091	64.788
RCP-650	3.484	0.029	17.432	0.379	27.597	72.024
RCP-850	2.997	0.031	19.998	0.061	19.742	80.447
RCP-850吸附Pb（Ⅱ）后	5.231	0.008	14.224	1.892	87.124	10.984

图3 原始RCP、RCP-850和RCP-850吸附后的SEM（a~c）和EDS（d~f）

Fig.3 SEM （a-c） and EDS （d-f） images of raw RCP，RCP-850，and RCP-850 after adsorption

图4 RCP-850吸附Pb（Ⅱ）前后的XPS全谱（a）和Pb 4f的高分辨率XPS谱图（b）

Fig.4 XPS spectra of RCP-850 before and after Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption （a） and high resolution XPS spectra of Pb 4f （b）

图5 煅烧温度对RCP吸附Pb（Ⅱ）性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of activation temperature on Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption by RCP

图6 RCP-850投加量对其吸附Pb（Ⅱ）性能的影响

Fig.6 Effect of RCP-850 dosage on Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption

图7 初始pH对RCP-850吸附Pb（Ⅱ）性能的影响（a）和体系最终pH的变化（b）

Fig.7 Effect of initial pH on Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption by RCP-850 （a） and the change of final pH of the system （b）

图8 离子强度对RCP-850吸附Pb（Ⅱ）性能的影响

Fig.8 Effect of ionic strength on the Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption by RCP-850

图9 RCP-850对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附动力学曲线及拟合模型

Fig.9 Adsorption kinetics and fitting models of Pb（Ⅱ） onto RCP-850

表3 准一级和准二级反应动力学拟合参数

Table 3 Fitting parameters of quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order reaction kinetics

C ₀/（mg·L^-1）	q _e，exp/（mg·g^-1）	准一级反应动力学			准二级反应动力学
C ₀/（mg·L^-1）	q _e，exp/（mg·g^-1）	q _e1，cal/（mg·g^-1）	k ₁	R ²	q _e2，cal/（mg·g^-1）	k ₂	R ²
50	46.72	44.71	0.020 32	0.983	49.05	0.000 55	0.990
100	75.83	72.09	0.017 13	0.971	78.26	0.000 27	0.995

表4 颗粒内扩散模型动力学拟合参数

Table 4 Kinetic fitting parameters of intraparticle diffusion model

C ₀/（mg·L^-1）	第Ⅰ阶段			第Ⅱ阶段			第Ⅲ阶段
C ₀/（mg·L^-1）	k _d1	C ₁	R ²	k _d2	C ₂	R ²	k _d3	C ₃	R ²
50	8.01	3.47	0.947	3.15	26.55	0.891	0.261	44.35	0.901
100	6.98	2.06	0.951	2.98	38.20	0.834	0.252	70.16	0.912

图10 RCP-850吸附Pb（Ⅱ）的等温线及拟合模型

Fig.10 Adsorption isotherms and fitting models of Pb（Ⅱ） onto RCP-850

表5 Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型拟合参数

Table 5 Fitting parameters of Langmuir model and Freundlich model

温度/℃	Langmuir模型（C ₀<50 mg/L）			Freundlich模型（C ₀<50 mg/L）
温度/℃	q _m	K _L	R ²	K _F	n	R ²
25	47.01	0.45	0.996	1.24	1.34	0.941
35	39.02	0.03	0.993	0.77	1.19	0.965
45	29.98	0.04	0.994	0.76	1.39	0.956

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