摘要：

以放射性废水中⁶⁰Co和⁵⁴Mn的高效处理为目标，采用高锰酸钾+活性炭的协同处理方法，通过降流式固定床动态吸附实验，研究了溶液pH、共存离子、高锰酸钾浓度、废水流量和活性炭投加量对Co²⁺和Mn²⁺吸附效果的影响，并验证了最优实验条件下对模拟放射性废水中Co²⁺和Mn²⁺的去除效果。结果表明：当废水中Co²⁺、Mn²⁺质量浓度均为5 mg/L时，高锰酸钾质量浓度为9 mg/L，pH为7.5，流量为5 mL/min，活性炭投加量为10.5 g，能够取得最佳的吸附效果。在最优吸附条件下处理模拟放射性废水，吸附Co²⁺的穿透时间为795 min，在90 min内，体系对Co²⁺去除率接近100%；在1 830 min内，体系对Mn²⁺的去除率保持在90%~95%之间，未达到穿透点。

关键词: ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁴Mn, 活性炭, 高锰酸钾, 放射性废水

Abstract:

Potassium permanganate with activated carbon was used to efficiently treat radioactive wastewater containing ⁶⁰Co and ⁵⁴Mn. Dynamic adsorption experiments of the downdraft fixed bed were conducted to investigate the effects of solution pH, co-existing ions, potassium permanganate concentration, flow rate, and activated carbon dosage on the adsorption efficiency of Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺. The removal efficiency of Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in simulated radioactive wastewater under optimal conditions was also verified. The results showed that when the initial concentrations of Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in the wastewater were 5 mg/L, the optimal adsorption performance was achieved with potassium permanganate concentration of 9 mg/L, pH of 7.5, flow rate of 5 mL/min, and mass of activated carbon dosage of 10.5 g. Treating simulated radioactive wastwater under these optimal conditions, the breakthrough time for Co²⁺ adsorption was 795 minutes, with a removal efficiency close to 100% within 90 minutes. For Mn²⁺, the removal efficiency remained between 90% and 95%, and it had not reach the breakthrough point within 1 830 minutes.

Key words: ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁴Mn, activated carbon, potassium permanganate, radioactive wastewater

中图分类号: 

• X703

• O647.3