硝酸酸化生物炭强化去除水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的特性

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-1202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用常温硝酸酸化技术对茶叶渣生物炭（BC）进行改性，制备了酸化生物炭（A-BC），并用SEM、TEM、BET、Boehm滴定、FTIR对A-BC的表面物理化学特性进行表征。在此基础上，以BC为参照，考察A-BC对水中典型重金属离子Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附特性。结果表明，A-BC对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附容量远高于BC，且吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型；吸附速度较快，在100 min内即可达到平衡，Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）在A-BC孔内的传质系数分别可达5.5×10^-9、1.0×10^-8 cm²/s。A-BC可在高浓度HA和碱金属共存条件下实现对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的靶向吸附。经历10次吸-脱附循环后，A-BC对Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附容量未出现明显下降。XPS结果显示，A-BC主要通过表面功能基团与Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）的外球络合作用实现吸附去除。在柱吸附装置内，A-BC可实现含Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）模拟废水的达标处理，具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 茶叶渣, 生物炭, 重金属, 吸附

Abstract:

Teawaste biochar was modified using nitric acid at room temperature, and a new biochar A-BC was prepared. The physicochemical characteristic of A-BC was investigated by means of SEM, TEM, BET, Boehm titration, FTIR. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto A-BC was evaluated with the pristine BC as reference. The research results showed that the adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto A-BC were much higher than that onto BC, and the isotherms met well with Freundlich model. The adsorption processes of two metals onto A-BC were relatively quick with equilibrium time within 100 min. The intra-particle diffusivities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) on A-BC were predicted to be 5.5×10^-9 cm²/s and 1.0×10^-8 cm²/s. A-BC could preferably remove Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) in the coexisting of high concentration of HA and Mg²⁺, Na⁺ with high levels. More importantly, after 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption tests, there were no obvious decline for the adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto A-BC. XPS results showed that the A-BC were mainly through surface functional groups' complexation with outer sphere for Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) for their adsorption removal. Additionally, A-BC could be successfully used in column setting and treat the simulated Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) wastewater to satisfy their discharge standards which has great potential.

Key words: tea waste, biochar, heavy metal, adsorption

中图分类号:

万顺利,李燕,陈卫旸,唐贵,王玉. 硝酸酸化生物炭强化去除水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的特性[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(8): 58-64.

Shunli Wan,Yan Li,Weiyang Chen,Gui Tang,Yu Wang. Enhanced removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from water by nitric acid treated biochar[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(8): 58-64.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I8/58

图/表 8

图1 BC的SEM及TEM图（a、c），A-BC的SEM及TEM图（b、d），N₂吸附脱附曲线（e）

Fig.1 SEM and TEM images of BC(a, c), SEM and TEM images of A-BC(b, d), N₂ isothermal analysis of BC and A-BC(e)

表1 A-BC和BC主要物理特性

Table 1 The physical characteristic of A-BC and BC

项目	A-BC	BC
骨架	生物炭	生物炭
形态	颗粒状	颗粒状
颜色	黑色	黑色
比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	30.4	13.4
孔容/（cm³·g^-1）	0.06	0.01
平均孔径/nm	7.8	5.1

图2 BC、A-BC的pH滴定曲线（a）及O1s XPS图谱（b）

Fig.2 pH titration curve of BC and A-BC(a), and O1s XPS spectra(b)

图3 Pb（Ⅱ）（a）、Cd（Ⅱ）（b）的吸附等温线，内扩散模型拟合的A-BC吸附动力学曲线（c），基于菲克第二定律扩散模型拟合的A-BC吸附动力学曲线（d）

Fig.3 Adsorption isotherm of Pb(Ⅱ)(a) and Cd(Ⅱ)(b), sorption kinetics onto A-BC simulated by intra-particle diffusion model(c), the model based on Fick's second law(d)

图4 溶液pH（a）、腐殖酸（b）、共存离子（c）对A-BC吸附Pb和Cd效果的影响

Fig.4 Effect of solution pH(a), humic acids(b) and coexisting cation(c) on the adsorption of Pb and Cd by A-BC

图5 吸附Pb（Ⅱ）（a）、Cd（Ⅱ）（b）后A-BC的高分辨XPS图谱

Fig.5 The high-resolution XPS spectra for A-BC after adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)(a) and Cd(Ⅱ)(b)

图6 A-BC对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的循环吸附-脱附情况

Fig.6 Adsorption and desorption cycles of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto A-BC

图7 BC和A-BC吸附柱处理含Pb（a）和Cd（b）模拟废水的穿透曲线（内图为相应金属的原位脱附曲线）

Fig.7 Breakthrough curves of BC and A-BC for Pb(Ⅱ)(a) and Cd(Ⅱ)(b) containing simulated water(the insets are the desorption curves of BC and A-BC for the corresponding metals

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