工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 28-38. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0715

• 石油石化行业废水处理专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

沥青生产污水混凝处理过程中污染物的分离去除特性

曹越(), 朱帅, 姜峻韬, 李琢宇(), 王庆宏, 陈春茂, 徐春明   

  1. 中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,重质油全国重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 李琢宇
  • 作者简介:

    曹越(1993— ),博士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(22308382); 中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462024YJRC004)

Separation and removal characteristics of pollutants in coagulation process of asphalt production wastewater

Yue CAO(), Shuai ZHU, Juntao JIANG, Zhuoyu LI(), Qinghong WANG, Chunmao CHEN, Chunming XU   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2025-03-17 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-19
  • Contact: Zhuoyu LI

摘要:

对石油沥青生产污水的高效混凝预处理方案进行探究,考察不同混凝剂的处理效果和对污染物的分离去除特性。结果表明,相较于聚合氯化铝和聚合氯化铝铁,硫酸铝对石油沥青生产污水的混凝处理效果最佳,最优反应条件为混凝温度60 ℃、初始pH=7、混凝剂投加量200 mg/L。在投加硫酸铝之前和之后分别加入2 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂可有效强化混凝效果,最终通过电性中和及吸附架桥作用使得52.3%的COD、84.3%的悬浮物(SS)和93.4%的石油类被去除,污水浊度也从124.1 NTU降至1.4 NTU。基于三维荧光谱图(3D-EEM)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和高分辨质谱(FT-ICR MS)的表征分析表明,混凝剂主要去除沥青生产污水中的酚类、苯系物、环烷酸和磺酸盐类溶解性有机物,同时使污水EC50由8.35%提高至13.30%,B/C从0.17升至0.34,显著削减其急性毒性并改善可生化性。该预处理工艺在现场中试实验中实现连续稳定运行,出水COD、石油类、SS分别稳定在789、15、53 mg/L,基本满足后续生化系统进水水质设计要求。

关键词: 沥青生产污水, 混凝剂, 溶解性有机物, 分离去除

Abstract:

This study investigated an efficient coagulation pretreatment scheme for petroleum asphalt production wastewater, with a focus on evaluating the treatment efficacy of different coagulants and their pollutant removal characteristics. Results demonstrated that compared with polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate showed the best coagulation effect. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as coagulation temperature of 60 ℃, initial pH=7, and coagulant dosage of 200 mg/L. Sequential addition of 2 mg/L cationic polyacrylamide flocculant before and after adding aluminum sulfate significantly enhanced treatment performance. Through charge neutralization and adsorption bridging mechanisms, 52.3% of COD, 84.3% of suspended solids(SS) and 93.4% of petroleum substances were removed, with turbidity reduced from 124.1 NTU to 1.4 NTU. Characterization via three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(3D-EEM), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS) revealed effective removal of dissolved organic matters such as phenolic compounds, benzene homogeneous, naphthenic acids, and sulfonate. The EC50 of the wastewater increased from 8.35% to 13.30%, and the B/C increased from 0.17 to 0.34, indicating substantial reduction in acute toxicity and enhanced biodegradability. This pretreatment process achieved continuous and stable operation in the field pilot experiment, with the COD, petroleum and SS in effluent stable at 789 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 53 mg/L, respectively, meeting design requirements for subsequent biological treatment systems.

Key words: asphalt production wastewater, coagulation, dissolved organic matter, separation removal

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