鸟粪石沉淀法处理高浓度氨氮钨冶炼废水

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水体富营养化威胁生态系统的平衡，构成潜在的环境风险，加强水体富营养化问题的治理具有重要的现实意义。针对钨冶炼废水氨氮浓度高、处理难度大的特点，采用鸟粪石沉淀法进行氨氮去除与资源化回收实验，旨在探索最优反应条件。通过单因素及正交实验系统考察了温度、pH、n（Mg）∶n（N）、n（P）∶n（N）、反应时间和废水中氨氮初始浓度对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明，pH是影响氨氮去除率的最关键因素，在pH=10.5，温度30 ℃，n（Mg）∶n（N）∶n（P）=1.2∶1∶1.2以及反应时间20 min条件下，氨氮（初始质量浓度为9 850 mg/L）去除率达90%以上，COD同步去除率达40%以上，为废水的后续处理创造了条件。检测分析表明，反应沉淀物中鸟粪石质量分数超过85%，其氮、磷含量丰富，是一种高效的复合肥。鸟粪石沉淀法适用于高浓度氨氮钨冶炼废水的预处理，与其他技术相比，具有经济和环境双重效益，工程化应用前景广阔。

关键词: 钨冶炼废水, 高氨氮, 鸟粪石, 沉淀

Abstract:

Eutrophication of water bodies threatens the balance of ecosystems and poses potential environmental risks. Therefore, strengthening the control of water eutrophication is of great practical significance. In view of the high ammonia-nitrogen concentration and the difficulty in treating tungsten smelting wastewater, this study adopted the struvite precipitation method to conduct experiments on ammonia-nitrogen removal and resource recovery, aiming to explore the optimal reaction conditions. Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the effects of temperature, pH, n(Mg)∶n(N), n(P)∶n(N), reaction time and initial ammonia-nitrogen concentration in wastewater on the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate were systematically investigated. The results showed that pH was the most critical factor affecting the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate. Under the experimental conditions of pH=10.5, temperature of 30 ℃, molar ratio of magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus of 1.2∶1∶1.2 and reaction time of 20 min, the ammonia-nitrogen(initial concentration of 9 850 mg/L) removal rate was over 90%, and the synchronous COD removal rate was over 40%, creating conditions for the subsequent treatment of wastewater. The struvite purity of the reaction precipitate was detected and analyzed to be over 85%, with rich nitrogen and phosphorus content, indicating that it was an efficient compound fertilizer. This experiment confirmed that the struvite precipitation method was suitable for the pretreatment of high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen tungsten smelting wastewater. Compared with other technologies, it had dual economic and environmental benefits and broad prospects for engineering application.

Key words: tungsten smelting wastewater, high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen, struvite, precipitation

中图分类号:

X703.1

罗军, 何绍浪, 尹鑫. 鸟粪石沉淀法处理高浓度氨氮钨冶炼废水[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(2): 85-90.

Jun LUO, Shaolang HE, Xin YIN. Treatment of high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen tungsten smelting wastewater by struvite precipitation method[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(2): 85-90.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/85

图/表 9

图1 温度对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.1 Influence of temperature on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

图2 pH对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.2 Influence of pH on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

图3 n（Mg）∶n（N）对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.3 Influence of n（Mg）∶n（N） on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

图4 n（P）∶n（N）对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.4 Influence of n（P）∶n（N） on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

图5 反应时间对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.5 Influence of reaction time on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

图6 氨氮初始质量浓度对氨氮去除效果的影响

Fig.6 Influence of the initial concentration of ammonia-nitrogen on ammonia-nitrogen removal effect

表1 氨氮去除率正交实验

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment of ammonia-nitrogen removal rate

序号	pH	n（P）∶n（N）	n（Mg）∶n（N）	T/℃	氨氮去除率/%
1	9.5	1.0	1.0	15	72.26
2	9.5	1.1	1.1	20	73.58
3	9.5	1.2	1.2	30	74.34
4	10.0	1.0	1.1	30	82.92
5	10.0	1.1	1.2	15	83.37
6	10.0	1.2	1.0	20	83.14
7	10.5	1.0	1.2	20	84.68
8	10.5	1.1	1.0	30	84.95
9	10.5	1.2	1.1	15	85.22
K ₁	73.39	79.95	80.12	80.28
K ₂	83.31	80.63	80.57	80.47
K ₃	84.78	80.90	80.80	80.74
R	11.39	0.95	0.68	0.46

表2 钨冶炼废水最优处理条件实验

Table 2 Optimal treatment condition experiment of tungsten smelting wastewater

序号	剩余氨氮/（mg·L^-1）	氨氮去除率/%	COD去除率/%
1	928	90.6	42.5
2	809	91.8	41.6
3	849	91.4	42.3

表3 沉淀物分析

Table 3 Analysis on sediments

样品（序号）	N质量分数/%	P₂O₅质量分数/%	Mg质量分数/%	MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O/g	MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O质量分数/%
纯鸟粪石	5.70	28.90	9.90	1.000 0	100.00
1	5.01	29.13	10.92	0.866 5	86.65
2	5.02	29.14	10.94	0.857 6	85.76
3	5.06	29.16	10.95	0.856 4	85.64

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