3种生物填料对ABR中生物相分离及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0250

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）内部设置多级隔室，沿水流方向能够实现反应器产酸和产甲烷的分离，具有良好的运行稳定性和处理效果。填料的投加可以进一步提升ABR的处理效能，但其对ABR生物相分离和微生物群落特性影响的研究很少。通过在ABR中添加弹性填料、流化床填料和空心球填料考察ABR处理效能、生物相分离及微生物菌落的变化情况。结果表明，在进水COD约2 000 mg/L、HRT=8 h时，无填料、弹性填料、流化床填料和空心球填料的ABR第2隔室中挥发性有机酸（VFA）的质量浓度达到最高，分别为795.59、922.92、943.03、916.22 mg/L，反应器出水VFA质量浓度分别为292.97、71.81、45.00、51.70 mg/L，填料的投加有效提高了产酸过程VFA产量及产甲烷过程对VFA的降解。整个运行期间，添加填料的反应器中COD去除率明显高于无填料反应器。当进水COD约1 000 mg/L、HRT=8 h时，无填料、弹性填料、流化床填料和空心球填料的反应器中COD去除率分别为69.63%、84.63%、89.45%和87.85%。ABR各隔室微生物群落结构分析表明，添加流化床填料的ABR前端隔室中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性明显增加。流化床填料的加入促进了细菌Methanothrix和古菌Methanofastidiosum、Methanothrix_B的生长和富集，增强了微生物之间的互营关系，提高了反应器运行稳定性和处理效果。

关键词: 生物填料, 厌氧折流板反应器, 生活污水, 微生物群落, 生物相分离

Abstract:

The anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) equipped with multi-stage compartments can separate acid production and methane production along the water flow direction, and has good operation stability and treatment effect. The addition of bio-carriers can further improve the efficiency of ABR treatment. However, there are few studies on their effects on bio-phase separation and microbial community characteristics of ABR. Elastic bio-carriers, fluidized-bed bio-carriers, and hollow ball bio-carriers were added to ABR to evaluate the treatment efficiency, bio-phase separation, and microbial community structure changes. The results showed that the concentrations of VFA in compartment 2 of the ABR without bio-carriers, elastic bio-carriers, fluidized-bed bio-carriers, and hollow ball bio-carriers were 795.59 mg/L, 922.92 mg/L, 943.03 mg/L, and 916.22 mg/L, respectively, at the influent COD≈2 000 mg/L and HRT=8 h. The concentrations of VFA in effluent were 292.97 mg/L, 71.81 mg/L, 45.00 mg/L, and 51.70 mg/L, respectively. The addition of bio-carriers effectively improved the VFA production and degradation of VFA in methane production. During the whole operation period, the COD removal rates of the reactors with three bio-carriers were significantly higher than that of the reactor with no bio-carriers. When influent COD≈1 000 mg/L and HRT=8 h, the COD removal rates of no bio-carriers reactor, elastic bio-carriers reactor, fluidized bed bio-carriers reactor and hollow ball bio-carriers reactor were 69.63%, 84.63%, 89.45%, and 87.85%, respectively. The microbial community structure analysis showed that the richness and diversity of microbial communities in front end compartment of the ABR with the addition of fluidized-bed bio-carriers increased significantly. The addition of fluidized-bed bio-carriers promoted the growth and enrichment of Methanothrix, Methanofastidiosum and Methanothrix_B, enhanced the interaction between microorganisms, and improved the operation stability and treatment effect of the reactor.

Key words: bio-carriers, anaerobic baffled reactor, domestic sewage, microbial community, bio-phase separation

中图分类号:

X703

徐志友, 沈耀良. 3种生物填料对ABR中生物相分离及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(3): 158-167.

Zhiyou XU, Yaoliang SHEN. Effects of three bio-carriers on bio-phase separation and microbial community structure in ABR[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(3): 158-167.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I3/158

图/表 12

表1 原水水质

Table 1 Raw water quality

指标	COD	VFA	pH	TN	TP
数值	181.84~594.63	51.71~118.72	6.88~8.62	82.61~114.55	8.21~13.63

图1 填料实物

Fig.1 Physical pictures of the bio-carriers

图2 ABR工艺装置

Fig.2 ABR process device

表2 反应器运行工况

Table 2 Reactor operating conditions

运行阶段	时间	有机负荷（OLR）/（kg·m^-3·d^-1）	COD/（mg·L^-1）	HRT/h	q _{表面水力负荷}/（m·h^-1）
启动阶段	第1~21天	0.50	500	24	0.033
	第22~41天	0.67	500	18	0.044
	第42~62天	1.00	500	12	0.066
阶段1	第63~83天	3.00	500	4	0.197
阶段2	第84~104天	6.00	1 000	4	0.197
阶段3	第105~121天	3.00	1 000	8	0.098
阶段4	第121~138天	6.00	2 000	8	0.098

图3 ABR沿程COD、VFA和pH的变化（a）无填料；（b）弹性填料；（c）流化床填料；（d）空心球填料。

Fig.3 Variation of COD，VFA and pH along the ABR

图4 ABR沿程VFA组成变化（a）无填料；（b）弹性填料；（c）流化床填料；（d）空心球填料。

Fig.4 Variation of VFA composition along the ABR

图5 COD的去除性能（a）无填料；（b）弹性填料；（c）流化床填料；（d）空心球填料。

Fig.5 COD removal performance

图6 ABR不同隔室COD去除率（a）无填料；（b）弹性填料；（c）流化床填料；（d）空心球填料。

Fig.6 COD removal rate in different compartments of ABR

表3 细菌群落多样性指数

Table 3 Bacterial community diversity index

样品	Chao1	Observed Species	Simpson	Shannon	Coverage
W1	2 305.82	2 274	0.967 8	7.41	0.996
W2	2 523.81	2 477	0.980 2	8.02	0.996
W3	2 757.39	2 739	0.987 1	8.64	0.997
W4	3 234.42	3 092	0.992 5	9.06	0.991
L1	2 901.41	2 832	0.984 9	8.58	0.994
L2	2 916.47	2 831	0.968 4	8.21	0.993
L3	2 984.13	2 873	0.978 9	8.46	0.993
L4	2 797.54	2 763	0.985 1	8.60	0.996

图7 细菌群落的相对丰度

Fig.7 Relative abundance of bacterial communities

表4 古菌群落多样性指数

Table 4 Archaea community diversity index

样品	Chao1	Observed Species	Simpson	Shannon	Coverage
W1	358.24	355	0.857 5	4.04	0.999 8
W2	339.07	335	0.858 9	4.09	0.999 7
W3	426.6	422	0.846 9	4.03	0.999 7
W4	362.42	356	0.834 0	3.86	0.999 7
L1	499.75	498	0.848 3	4.16	0.999 8
L2	365.93	358	0.797 5	3.79	0.999 6
L3	451.46	446	0.749 4	3.51	0.999 6
L4	442.96	439	0.778 0	3.69	0.999 7

图8 古菌群落的相对丰度

Fig.8 Relative abundance of archaea communities

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