生物强化技术在污水处理中的应用研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0874

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物处理技术由于其特殊的处理机制和高效的处理能力在污水处理领域处于重要地位，近年来伴随污水量持续增长及污染物日益增多，传统生物技术在处理此类污染物时逐渐显现出局限性，高效的生物强化技术已成为污水处理领域的关键技术之一。系统阐述了生物强化技术的核心作用机理，包括直接代谢作用、共代谢作用以及群体感应作用。重点分析了该技术在污水处理系统中的应用形式，包括直接投加预适应菌株/菌群，运用基因工程技术定向改造微生物，以及与固定化技术和膜生物反应器（MBR）等工艺集成等。同时，深入探讨了生物强化技术在实际应用中面临的挑战，包括因极端环境条件和投加菌种在系统内的生物竞争问题导致的生物强化效果难以预测，以及该技术的经济成本与运行可持续性等，并提出了对应的解决方法和具体案例。最后总结和展望了生物强化技术的发展方向，强调其在应对复杂污水治理难题中的巨大潜力。

关键词: 生物强化技术, 污水处理, 微生物, 基因工程技术

Abstract:

Biological treatment technology plays an important role in wastewater treatment due to its special treatment mechanism and efficient treatment capacity. With the continuous increase of wastewater volume and pollutants in recent years, traditional biological wastewater treatment technologies have shown limitations in treating such pollutants. High efficiency bioaugmentation technology has become an important technology in the field of wastewater treatment. Three mechanisms of bioaugmentation technology, including direct metabolism, co-metabolism, and quorum sensing, were introduced. The applications of this technology in wastewater treatment system were analyzed in detail, including direct addition of exogenous bacterial strains/microbial communities, targeted modification of microorganisms using genetic engineering technology, and integration with immobilization technology and membrane bioreactor(MBR) processes. Meanwhile, the challenges faced by the practical application of bioaugmentation technology were explored in depth, including the difficulty in predicting the effectiveness of bioaugmentation due to extreme environmental conditions and biological competition between added strains and indigenous strains in the system, as well as the economic cost and operational sustainability of the technology. Corresponding solutions and specific cases were proposed. Finally, the development direction of bioaugmentation technology was summarized and discussed, emphasizing its enormous potential in addressing complex wastewater treatment challenges.

Key words: bioaugmentation, wastewater treatment, microorganism, genetic engineering technology

中图分类号:

Q819
X703

林涛, 赵一玲, 薛永常. 生物强化技术在污水处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(9): 39-47.

Tao LIN, Yiling ZHAO, Yongchang XUE. Research progress of bioaugmentation technology in wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(9): 39-47.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I9/39

图/表 3

图1 生物强化机制示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of bioaugmentation mechanism

图2 生物强化应用方式

Fig.2 Application modes of bioaugmentation

图3 生物强化技术在污水处理中的应用流程

Fig.3 Application process of bioaugmentation technology in wastewater treatment

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