微纳米气泡技术在水处理中的研究与应用进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微纳米气泡具有独特的物理化学性质，可与传统水处理技术形成协同耦合效应，是一种绿色高效的技术迭代升级途径。相较普通气泡，微纳米气泡具有更大的比表面积和更长的水力停留时间，有助于扩大气液接触面积，提高气液传质效率，其丰富的表面电荷还可促进活性氧物质生成，促进对有机污染物的降解。总结了微纳米气泡的产生方式、常用表征技术和可视化方法，综述了其在水处理过程中的研究进展与应用实践，剖析了微纳米气泡强化水处理技术的机理及影响因素，重点强调了微纳米气泡因其独特的理化性质，在耦合生化处理过程、物化处理过程以及膜处理过程中展现出的显著优势。同时指出当前微纳米气泡技术在继续深入研究和扩大应用中尚存在局限性，并展望了其在水处理技术创新升级方面的重点攻关方向。

关键词: 微纳米气泡, 水处理, 传质, 气液界面, 技术强化

Abstract:

Micro-nano bubbles have unique physical and chemical properties and can form a synergistic coupling effect with traditional water treatment technologies, making them a green and efficient way for technological iteration and upgrading. Compared to ordinary bubbles, micro-nano bubbles have larger specific surface area and longer hydraulic retention time, which helps to expand the gas-liquid contact area and enhance the mass transfer efficiency. Their abundant surface charges can also promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, promoting the degradation of organic pollutants. The generation methods, common characterization techniques, and visualization methods of micro-nano bubbles were summarized. The research progress and application practices of micro-mano bubbles in water treatment processes were reviewed. The mechanism and influencing factors of micro-nano bubbles enhanced water treatment technology were systematically analyzed. The significant advantages of micro-nano bubbles arisen from their unique physicochemical properties were emphasized, especially in enhancing biochemical, physical-chemical, and membrane treatment processes. Furthermore, it was pointed out that there were still limitations in the continued in-depth research and expanded application of current micro-nano bubble technology. The key research directions for the innovation and upgrading of micro-nano bubbles in water treatment technology were also discussed.

Key words: micro-nano bubbles, water treatment, mass transfer, gas-liquid interface, technology retrofitting

中图分类号:

X703

王浩, 王庆吉, 王凌匀, 李巨峰, 孙秀梅, 王毅霖, 杨雪莹. 微纳米气泡技术在水处理中的研究与应用进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(1): 20-32.

Hao WANG, Qingji WANG, Lingyun WANG, Jufeng LI, Xiumei SUN, Yilin WANG, Xueying YANG. Research and application progress of micro-nano bubble technology in water treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(1): 20-32.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I1/20

图/表 8

图1 微纳米气泡技术关键词共现网络

Fig.1 Key word co-occurrence network of micro-nano bubble technology

图2 不同研究中测量的不同粒径微气泡的上升速度

Fig.2 Rising velocity of microbubbles with different particle sizes measured in different studies

图3 溶气释气法微纳米气泡产生过程示意

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the generation of micro-nano bubbles by dissolved gas release method

图4 螺旋液相流微纳米气泡发生器（a）和静态混合器微纳米气泡发生器（b）示意

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of spiral liquid flow micro-nano bubble generator（a） and static mixer micro-nano bubble generator（b）

图5 文丘里型微纳米气泡发生器

Fig.5 Venturi type micro-nano bubble generator

图6 电解析法产生微纳米气泡示意

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of micro-nano bubble generated by electrolysis method

图7 膜分散法制备微纳米气泡示意

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of preparing micro-nano bubbles by membrane dispersion method

图8 超声空化法制备微纳米气泡示意

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of preparing micro-nano bubbles by ultrasonic cavitation

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