有机物对厌氧氨氧化系统影响机理的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0234

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）废水脱氮技术具有能耗低、无需外加有机碳源、污泥产量少、温室气体排放量少等优势，但其运行效能受有机物所影响。综述了有机物对Anammox系统的双重效应，即低浓度易降解有机物可通过与反硝化耦合、促进胞外聚合物分泌、促进厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）混养代谢、强化电子传递以及缓解重金属毒性等机制提升脱氮效能，而高浓度或毒性有机物则通过底物竞争、酶活性抑制及细胞结构破坏等途径导致系统性能恶化。最后，对有机物影响Anammox系统这一领域的研究进行了展望，以推动Anammox技术在含有机物废水处理中的工程应用。

关键词: 有机物, 生物脱氮, 厌氧氨氧化, 异养反硝化

Abstract:

The wastewater nitrogen removal technology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) offers advantages such as low energy consumption, no need for external organic carbon sources, minimal sludge production, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, its operational efficiency is affected by organic matter. The dual effects of organic matter on the Anammox system were summarized. Low-concentration and easily degradable organic matter could enhance nitrogen removal efficiency through mechanisms such as coupling with denitrification, promoting extracellular polymer secretion, facilitating the mixed metabolism of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), strengthening electron transfer, and mitigating heavy metal toxicity. In contrast, high-concentration or toxic organic matter led to deterioration of system performance via substrate competition, enzyme activity inhibition, and cellular structural damage. Finally, the research on the impact of organic matter on the Anammox system was prospested to promote the engineering application of Anammox technology in organic wastewater treatment.

Key words: organic matter, biological nitrogen removal, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, heterotrophic denitrification

中图分类号:

X703

俞益辉, 丁玲玲, 盛秉诚. 有机物对厌氧氨氧化系统影响机理的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(2): 45-52.

Yihui YU, Lingling DING, Bingcheng SHENG. Research progress on the influence mechanism of organics on anaerobic ammonia oxidation systems[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(2): 45-52.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/45

图/表 3

图1 Anammox系统中主要功能菌群之间的碳流示意 N-DAMO表示亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化；DB表示反硝化菌；DNRA表示异化硝酸盐还原成铵；AOM表示氨氧化微生物；NOB表示亚硝酸盐氧化菌；CMX表示完全氨氧化菌。

Fig.1 Schematic overview of carbon flow among main functional populations involved in Anammox system

图2 有机物强化Anammox系统脱氮的潜在机理

Fig.2 Potential mechanism of enhanced denitrification by organic matter in Anammox system

图3 有机物对AnAOB的潜在抑制机理

Fig.3 Potential inhibitory mechanisms of organic matter on Anammox bacteria

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