摘要：

针对我国乡村污水处理存在的高能耗和运维难题，研究构建了自然通风式一体化生物反应器（IBNV），并耦合厌氧/好氧/缺氧工艺，对乡村生活污水进行处理。结果表明，IBNV在进水COD为99~265 mg/L、SS为122~287 mg/L、NH {}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N为15.4~38.4 mg/L、TN为20.3~43.3 mg/L、TP为2.7~4.6 mg/L的条件下连续运行，对COD、SS、NH {}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N、TN的平均去除率分别为85.71%、95.97%、89.25%、62.83%，满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）一级A标准；对TP的平均去除率为79.33%，基本达到GB 18918—2002一级B标准；在能耗方面，IBNV吨水电耗为0.06~0.08 kW·h，处理成本为0.08~0.10元/t，并在顶部预留了太阳能光伏板和风力发电机安装接口，为IBNV的“零能耗”提供可能。

关键词: 自然通风, 生物反应器, 过滤, 填料

Abstract:

In response to the high energy consumption and operational challenges of rural sewage treatment in China,an integrated bioreactor of natural ventilation(IBNV) with Anaerobic/Oxic/Anoxic process was introduced to enhance the efficiency of domestic sewage treatment in rural areas. The results showed that during the continuous operation of the IBNV under the influent COD 99-265 mg/L,SS 122-287 mg/L,NH {}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N 15.4-38.4 mg/L,TN 20.3-43.3 mg/L and TP 2.7-4.6 mg/L,the average removal rates of COD,SS,NH {}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N and TN reached 85.71%,95.97%,89.25% and 62.83%,respectively, meeting A standard of the first level of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918—2002). The average removal rate of TP was 79.33%,which basically met B standard of the first level of GB 18918—2002. The energy efficiency of the IBNV was notable,with an electricity consumption rate of 0.06 to 0.08 kW·h per ton of treated water,corresponding to a cost-effective treatment cost of 0.08 to 0.10 yuan per ton. In addition,the top of the IBNV was designed with interfaces for installing solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines,providing the possibility for achieving self-sufficiency of energy in future.

Key words: natural ventilation, bioreactor, filtration, filling

中图分类号: 

• X703.1